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Progress in low temperature physics. Vol. VIII.
Fluidi refrigeranti zero-ODP, a basso GWP, per pompe di calore per alte e basse temperature : DR-14,DR-12 e DR-2.
DR-14, DR-12 and DR-2: zero-ODP and low-GWP refrigerants for high or low-temperature heat pumps.
IIR document
Study on heat and mass transfer characteristics of 3He-4He at extremely low temperatures in mixing chamber of dilution refrigeration.
A new cold cooling system using krypton for the future upgrade of the LHC after the long shutdown 4 (LS4).
Study and application of Time-Temperature Integrator smart labels for monitoring the cold chain of active modified atmosphere packaged sea bass.
An advance Krypton – CO2 cascade refrigeration unit for the Phase III Upgrade of the VELO detector at CERN.
Effect of thermal radiation on low temperature measurement for various types of temperature sensor installations.
Production of stable neon isotope by the method of low temperature rectification.
Natural refrigerants used at lower temperature applications.
Experimental study of a low-temperature compressor-ejector refrigeration System.
High thermal conductivity and low regeneration temperature composite adsorbent.
Advances in hybrid compression technology for ultra-low temperature refrigeration achievement.
Low-temperature emissivity of thin AL2O3 layers deposited on copper substrate.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Krypton, applied as refrigerant for cooling of silicon detector trackers.
Mechanism of inhibiting fresh Hericium erinaceus browning at low temperature.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
89 results
Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems
Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...
Member news: Ultra-low temperatures. NIST creates a more efficient pulse-tube refrigerator prototype
American researchers have created a prototype pulse-tube refrigerator that significantly reduces the time and energy required to reach temperatures close to absolute zero: an exciting advance for the quantum...
Heat pump efficiency at low temperatures
A study based on field data shows that heat pumps had significantly higher energy efficiency than oil or gas heating systems, particularly for outdoor temperatures above -10°C.
Simplifying the preservation at very low temperature of tissues used in ophthalmology
Researchers have compared the effects of −28 °C (standard freezer) and −80 °C preservation on human amniotic membrane, which is commonly used in ophthalmic...
Low-temperature CO2 capture technologies potential
In a review paper in the International Journal of Refrigeration, D. Berstad et al. give an overview of CO2 capture conditions for a broad range of different power cycles and industrial processes.
Ultra-low temperature systems ready for COVID-19 vaccine storage
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, is positioning its ultra-low-temperature (ULT) systems to serve as the refrigeration technology for the storage of COVID-19 vaccines and the freeze-drying of the...
Low temperature transport and storage solutions for COVID-19 vaccines
Presentation of two options suitable for mRNA vaccines: one using a traditional refrigerated container adapted to storage at -35°C extending the shelf life of dry ice by 2.5 times, the other based on PCM...
Cool bedrooms are healthier
A recent study published in Diabetes, June 2014 issue, shows that cooler bedrooms could enhance the production of « brown fat »
Rapid low-temperature process adds weeks to milk's shelf life
A rapid heating and cooling of milk significantly reduces the amount of harmful bacteria present, extending by several weeks the shelf life of milk, according to a Purdue University study.
Cryochemistry: chemical reactions accelerated by freezing
Surprisingly, some chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing. The possible applications of studying such cryoreactions include the food and pharmaceutical cold chain, as well...
German researchers approach absolute zero
Physicists at the University of Bremen, Germany have produced the lowest temperature ever recorded, at 38 picoKelvin, which is 38 trillionths of a degree above absolute zero.
A cryostat provides the optical bench of the largest digital astronomic camera
The manufacture of a cryostat to be used as an optical bench for the camera of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope has been completed.
A possible major step in the quest of room-temperature superconductivity
Two researcher teams have just reported experiments indicating that a hydride of lanthanum compressed to 1.7 to 1.85 million bar has a critical temperature of 250–260 K (-23 – -13°C).
A must-read in the IJR: a review of storage temperatures for biological material
To improve storage efficiency, the authors of a review article take stock of storage temperatures for biological material (cells, proteins, DNA, etc).
Refrigeration at the heart of biomedical innovation: the example of Libmeldy
A rare inherited disorder can now be cured with gene therapy. Libmeldy, an innovative drug, must be stored at a temperature of – 130°C.
IIR news
37 results
Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.
Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.
Press release: IIR launches new Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation”
During the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
The essential role of refrigeration in the combat against COVID-19
Statement of the International Institute of Refrigeration calling governments to consider refrigeration-related services as “essential services” in the context of the current health crisis due to COVID-19.
New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”
With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...
New IIR Working Group: whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation
During the IIR Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group (WG) on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.
Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery
Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”
Call for industrial partners for joint industry cryogenics project linked to LNG production
Become a project partner: Join the Joint Industry Project of MINES ParisTech – ARMINES “Evaluation of the crystallization risk in LNG production”.
The IIR launches a call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!
All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...
Call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!
The IIR and the ASHRAE establish new definitions of five keywords in the refrigeration sector
For over a year, a group of experts from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) have been working together to establish common definitions of...
Healthcare ColDays 2022: innovations in refrigeration and health
The French Association of Refrigeration (Association Française du Froid) is organising a day dedicated to the latest technical and scientific developments in the field of refrigeration and health on 26 April...
Member news: Linde to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computers
Linde, corporate member of the IIR, partners with Bluefors to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computing technology.
Member news: latest innovations from Mirai Intex
The company Mirai Intex has just marketed a refrigeration machine using air cycle for low temperatures. Mirai Intex also markets a mobile storage solution.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.